HecrossedtheAlpsandconqueredthatpartoftheworldwhichisnowcalledFrance.ThenhehammeredasolidwoodenbridgeacrosstheRhineandinvadedthelandofthewildTeutons.Finallyhetookshipandvi

TheywerelessimaginativethantheGreeksandtheypreferredanounceofactiontoapoundofwords.

HerefusedtoacceptbattlebutforeverhefollowedHannibal,destroyedeverythingeatable,destroyedtheroads,attackedsmalldetachmentsandgenerallyweakenedthemoraleoftheCarthaginiantroopsbyamost

繁荣意味着悠闲的时间，而闲暇则给了人们机会，让他们去购买书籍，培养对文学、艺术和音乐的兴趣

革命舞台上出现的经常是暴民，但毫无例外是中产阶级专业人士在背后煽风点火，他们利用饥饿的群众作为自己有力的盟军，向国王及其朝臣开战。

AntonywenttoEgypttobenearCleopatrawithwhomhetoohadfalleninlove,asseemstohavebeenthehabitofRomangenerals.

Inthecityhewasashungryashehadbeenbeforeontheland.Buthesharedhismiserywiththousandsofotherdisinheritedbeings.Theycrouchedtogetherinfilthyhovelsinthesuburbsofthelargecities.

VENIVIDIVICI.

现在的人们都喜欢听“大”这个词，我们属于世界上“最大”的国家，拥有数量“最大”的海军、出产“最大’的柑橘和马铃薯，为此，我们深感自豪。我们喜欢住在拥有数百万人口的“大城市”，而且死后也要埋在“全国最大的公墓”里。古希腊人如果听见我们的这些言论，很可能一头雾水。“中庸”是古希腊的生活准则，单纯的“大”引不起他们的任何兴趣。中庸对他们来讲，绝不仅是空洞的理论，它渗入了古希腊人由生到死的全部日常生活，是他们文字的

AsforSulla,hebecame"Dictator,"whichmeantsoleandsupremerulerofalltheRomanpossessions.HeruledRomeforfouryears,andhediedquietlyinhisbed,havingspentthelastyearofhislifetenderly

Heestablishedcoloniesofdestitutepeopleindistantpartsoftheempire,butthesesettlementsfailedtoattracttherightsortofpeople.BeforeGaiusGracchuscoulddomoreharmhetoowasmurderedandhis

Fortwowholeweeksthestore-housesandthepalacesandthegreatarsenalburned.ThenaterriblecursewaspronouncedupontheblackenedruinsandtheRomanlegionsreturnedtoItalytoenjoytheirvictory.

Of course, such a "plutocracy" was forever at the mercy of the crowd. As long as there was plenty of work and wages were high, the majority of the citizens were quite contented, allowed their "betters" to rule

But just as the Greeks had not loved their Aegean teachers, in this same way did the Romans hate their Etruscan masters. They got rid of them as soon as they could and the opportunity offered itself when Greek

Outwardly, the Roman state during the first century of our era was a magnificent political structure, so large that Alexander's empire became one of its minor provinces.Underneath this glory there lived million

也许你会问，如果古希腊人总是一听到召唤，就赶去集市讨论城邦的事务，他们怎会有时间来照顾家庭和自己的生意？在这一章，我会给你们解释这个问题。　　对于政府的所有事务，希腊的民主制度只承认一类市民拥有参与的权利，那就是自由民。而每一个希腊城市都是由少数生来自由的市民、大量的奴隶和零星的外国人组成的。只在少数时候（通常是发生战争，需要征召兵员时），希腊人才愿意给予他们所谓的“野蛮人”即外国人，以公民权。公民身份是一个出身

“‘讽刺和怜悯’都是很好的顾问。前者用她的微笑使生活愉快，后者用她地眼泪使生活圣洁。“我祈求的讽刺并非残忍的女神。她既不嘲弄爱情也不讥笑美丽。她温柔善良。她的笑声消除了我们的怒气。是她教会我们嘲笑恶棍和傻瓜，如果没有她，我们对那些家伙就敢怒而不敢言。”

Two centuries of revolution and foreign war had repeatedly killed the best men among the younger generations. It had ruined the class of the free farmers. It had introduced slave labor, against which no freeman

The history of man is the record of a hungry creature in search of food. Wherever food was plentiful, thither man has travelled to make his home.

He marched at the head of not less than four different victory-parades, having won four different campaigns.Then Caesar appeared in the Senate to report upon his adventures, and the grateful Senate made him "d